The introduction of CNC (computer numerical control) machines radically changed the manufacturing industry. Curves are as easy to cut as straight lines, intricate 3-D structures are relatively easy to produce, and the number of machining steps that required human action have been dramatically reduced. With the increased automation of manufacturing processes with CNC machining, considerable improvements in consistency and quality have been attained. CNC metal spinning reduced the frequency of errors and provided CNC operators with time to perform additional tasks. CNC spinning also allows for more flexibility in the way parts are held in the manufacturing process and the time required to change the machine in order to produce different components.